SQL

SQL

SQL (STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE) IS A SPECIAL PURPOSE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE DESIGNED FOR MANAGING DATA IN RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (RDBMS).

BASICALLY SQL IS CATEGORIZED INTO 5 BROAD CATEGORIES WHICH ARE AS BELOW:


DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE) 

THESE COMMANDS ARE USED TO MAKE DIRECT CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE. ALL DDL COMMANDS ARE AUTO COMMIT

• CREATE
• ALTER 
• DROP
• RENAME
• TRUNCATE
• COMMENT

DML (DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE)

THESE COMMANDS DO NOT MAKE ANY CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE, UNLESS COMMITTED. 

• INSERT
• UPDATE
• DELETE
• MERGE

DTL (DATA TRANSACTION LANGUAGE)

MANAGES THE CHANGES MADE BY ANY DML STATEMENT

• COMMIT
• ROLLBACK
• SAVEPOINT

DCL (DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE)

GIVES OR REMOVES THE ACCESS RIGHTS TO BOTH, THE ORACLE DATABASE AND THE STRUCTURE WITHIN IT.

• GRANT
• REVOKE

DQL (DATA QUERY LANGUAGE)

• SELECT